Soil 4234, Soil Nutrient Management

Soil Nutrient Management
SOIL 4234

Soil Nutrient Management

Lectures

Book On-Line

Introduction

www.fao.org

Ramp Calibration Strip, and N Rich Strip (Fall Program)

Chapter 1

Homework 1 (2007), Due August 31, 2007

Review of ELEMENTS and ATOMS

Earth Picture
Current World Population
Planet Crumbles While We Are Off Fighting Terror

Consumption of World’s Nat. Resources       Worlds Population       World’s Waste generated
----------------------------------------- % -------------------------------------------------
Developed                     66                                    20                                 75
Developing                    34                                    80                                 25

(United Nations) Americans and Europeans together spend $17 billion a year on pet food, $4 billion more than the estimated yearly additional amount needed to provide everyone in the world with basic health and nutrition.

27 Million Golfers in the USA 24.3 Billion dollars spent on golf in 2004 ($888/person/year)
82 Million Hunters USA (fishing, etc.) 108 Billion spent on hunting in 2001 ($1317/person/year)

Food Quality, Environmental Safety: Afforded luxury in the developed world

700 million people in the developing world do not have access to sufficient food
180 million children are underweight
10-12 million preschool children die each year due to hunger, disease, malnutrition (33,000 each day)
World population is increasing by almost 100 million people/yr. (3%/yr.)
World food production will increase at 2%/yr.
1.1 billion people in developing countries were living in poverty in 1990. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC) http://www.cgiar.org/IFPRI/index.htm
250000 to 500000 preschool children go blind each year due to vitamin A deficiencies. Two thirds of these children die within months of going blind

Risk
Environmental
Loss of Human Life
Economic

Chapter 2

Taser

Visual Deficiency Symptoms

Homework#2

Variscite (Al P O₄·2H₂O, hydrated aluminium phosphate)
Strengite (Fe+++PO4·2(H2O))

Deficiency Symptom                Element                      Mobility       Mobility             Form taken up
                                                                                    Soil             Plant                 by Plants
____________________________________________________________________________________
overall chlorosis seen                 N Nitrogen                   Yes              Yes                    NO3-,NO2-,NH4+
first on lower leaves

purple leaf margins P Phosphorus No Yes HPO4=,H2PO4-,H3PO4

chlorotic leaf margins K Potassium No Yes K+
uniform chlorosis, stunting

(younger leaves) S Sulfur Yes Yes(no) SO4=,SO2*

N*S interaction
stunting - no root

elongation Ca Calcium No No Ca++
interveinal chlorosis,

veins remain green Fe Iron No (ls) No Fe+++,Fe++

interveinal chlorosis Mg Magnesium No (ls) Yes/No Mg++
reduced terminal

growth = chlorotic tips B Boron (NM) Yes No H3BO3°

interveinal chlorosis Mn Manganese No No Mn++, Mn+++
wilting, chlorosis, reduced

root growth Cl Chlorine Yes Yes Cl -
young leaves, yellow &

stunted Cu Copper No (ls) No Cu++
interveinal chlorosis in

young leaves Zn Zinc No (ls) No Zn++
interveinal chlorosis,

stunting Mo Molybdenum Yes/No(ls) No MoO4=

dark green color Na Sodium No(ls) Yes Na+

                                                C Carbon                                                                 CO2
                                                H Hydrogen                                                              H2O
                                                O Oxygen                                                                H2O
____________________________________________________________________________________

*absorbed through plant leaves
(NM) Non Metal
(ls) Low Solubility
Mo availability increases with soil pH, other micronutrients show the opposite of this.
Immobile nutrients in plant; symptoms of deficiency show up in the younger leaves.
Stage of growth when deficiency symptom is apparent = later stage

Chapter 3

Concentration

SOIL Samples 2007

Nitrogen Cycle RAP Music (N fixation, non-symbiotic fixation, blue-green algae, azotobacter, clostridium, symbiotic fixation, rhizobium japonicum, meliloti, trifoli, organic matter, animal and plant residues, decomposition, aminization, urea, ammonification, nitrification, oxidation, aeration, volatilization, fixation, mineralization, nitrosomonas, nitrobacter, obligate autotrophic bacteria, increased acidity, leaching, immobilization, denitrification, organic C, substrate, immobilization, plant uptake, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, plant N loss, N in rainfall, nitrate reduction, global warming, reduction, oxidation state)

If I could be anything in the Nitrogen Cycle

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

http://www.geoflow.com/wastewater/turf.htm

http://grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_effluent_water_positive/

1 inch of water = 226,610 lbs water/acre

= 27,171 gallons

1 gallon of water = 8.34 lbs

Agustin Bianchini, AAPRESID, Argentina

AAPRESID Video

Chapter 6

Phosphorus Behavior in Soils (Gordon Johnson)

Banding P in Alfalfa (Gordon Johnson)

Chapter 7

Turf Example
Green construction:
1. Totally cored the greens out and replaced them with sand to USGA specs.
2. During the grow in process of these greens, they could not get a nitrogen response to the newly seeded bent.
3. They tried spoon feeding the greens with micronutrients to see what the deficiency was but didn't get a nitrogen response until they applied gypsum.
4. Since gypsum is neutral, the pH should not have been a factor, and the irrigation water quality is good so saline or sodic soil should not be either.
5. What was the problem.

Corn
1200 kernels/pound
1 bu = 56 pounds
1 bu = 1200 * 56 = 67200 seeds

20% volunteer 227 plants = 44 plants volunteer
row spacing = 36"
30 m of row = 98.4 ft
1" furrow * 98.4 ft = 0.083*98.4 = 8.19 ft2
44 plants/8.19ft2 = x/43560 x = 234021 plants/acre = 3.5 bu/ac .... 70% germ = 5.0 bu/ac

Chapter 8

Nutrient Deficiencies

Burning